Windows Locale Codes Sorted by Locale ID (LCID)

As defined by Microsoft, a locale is either a language or a language in combination with a country. See Microsoft definitions of locale(http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964662.aspx).

Locale	Language code	LCID string	Decimal	Hexadecimal	Codepage
Afrikaans	af	af	1078	436	1252
Albanian	sq	sq	1052		1250
Amharic	am	am	1118
Arabic - Algeria	ar	ar-dz	5121	1401	1256
Arabic - Bahrain	ar	ar-bh	15361		1256
Arabic - Egypt	ar	ar-eg	3073		1256
Arabic - Iraq	ar	ar-iq	2049	801	1256
Arabic - Jordan	ar	ar-jo	11265		1256
Arabic - Kuwait	ar	ar-kw	13313	3401	1256
Arabic - Lebanon	ar	ar-lb	12289	3001	1256
Arabic - Libya	ar	ar-ly	4097	1001	1256
Arabic - Morocco	ar	ar-ma	6145	1801	1256
Arabic - Oman	ar	ar-om	8193	2001	1256
Arabic - Qatar	ar	ar-qa	16385	4001	1256
Arabic - Saudi Arabia	ar	ar-sa	1025	401	1256
Arabic - Syria	ar	ar-sy	10241	2801	1256
Arabic - Tunisia	ar	ar-tn	7169		1256
Arabic - United Arab Emirates	ar	ar-ae	14337	3801	1256
Arabic - Yemen	ar	ar-ye	9217	2401	1256
Armenian	hy	hy	1067
Assamese	as	as	1101
Azeri - Cyrillic	az	az-az	2092		1251
Azeri - Latin	az	az-az	1068		1254
Basque	eu	eu	1069		1252
Belarusian	be	be	1059	423	1251
Bengali - Bangladesh	bn	bn	2117	845
Bengali - India	bn	bn	1093	445
Bosnian	bs	bs	5146
Bulgarian	bg	bg	1026	402	1251
Burmese	my	my	1109	455
Catalan	ca	ca	1027	403	1252
Chinese - China	zh	zh-cn	2052	804
Chinese - Hong Kong SAR	zh	zh-hk	3076
Chinese - Macau SAR	zh	zh-mo	5124	1404
Chinese - Singapore	zh	zh-sg	4100	1004
Chinese - Taiwan	zh	zh-tw	1028	404
Croatian	hr	hr	1050		1250
Czech	cs	cs	1029	405	1250
Danish	da	da	1030	406	1252
Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian	dv	dv	1125	465
Dutch - Belgium	nl	nl-be	2067	813	1252
Dutch - Netherlands	nl	nl-nl	1043	413	1252
Edo			1126	466
English - Australia	en	en-au	3081		1252
English - Belize	en	en-bz	10249	2809	1252
English - Canada	en	en-ca	4105	1009	1252
English - Caribbean	en	en-cb	9225	2409	1252
English - Great Britain	en	en-gb	2057	809	1252
English - India	en	en-in	16393	4009
English - Ireland	en	en-ie	6153	1809	1252
English - Jamaica	en	en-jm	8201	2009	1252
English - New Zealand	en	en-nz	5129	1409	1252
English - Phillippines	en	en-ph	13321	3409	1252
English - Southern Africa	en	en-za	7177		1252
English - Trinidad	en	en-tt	11273		1252
English - United States	en	en-us	1033	409	1252
English - Zimbabwe	en		12297	3009	1252
Estonian	et	et	1061	425	1257
Faroese	fo	fo	1080	438	1252
Farsi - Persian	fa	fa	1065	429	1256
Filipino			1124	464
Finnish	fi	fi	1035		1252
French - Belgium	fr	fr-be	2060		1252
French - Cameroon	fr		11276
French - Canada	fr	fr-ca	3084		1252
French - Congo	fr		9228
French - Cote d'Ivoire	fr		12300
French - France	fr	fr-fr	1036		1252
French - Luxembourg	fr	fr-lu	5132		1252
French - Mali	fr		13324
French - Monaco	fr		6156		1252
French - Morocco	fr		14348
French - Senegal	fr		10252
French - Switzerland	fr	fr-ch	4108		1252
French - West Indies	fr		7180
Frisian - Netherlands			1122	462
FYRO Macedonia	mk	mk	1071		1251
Gaelic - Ireland	gd	gd-ie	2108
Gaelic - Scotland	gd	gd	1084
Galician	gl		1110	456	1252
Georgian	ka		1079	437
German - Austria	de	de-at	3079		1252
German - Germany	de	de-de	1031	407	1252
German - Liechtenstein	de	de-li	5127	1407	1252
German - Luxembourg	de	de-lu	4103	1007	1252
German - Switzerland	de	de-ch	2055	807	1252
Greek	el	el	1032	408	1253
Guarani - Paraguay	gn	gn	1140	474
Gujarati	gu	gu	1095	447
Hebrew	he	he	1037		1255
HID (Human Interface Device)			1279
Hindi	hi	hi	1081	439
Hungarian	hu	hu	1038		1250
Icelandic	is	is	1039		1252
Igbo - Nigeria			1136	470
Indonesian	id	id	1057	421	1252
Italian - Italy	it	it-it	1040	410	1252
Italian - Switzerland	it	it-ch	2064	810	1252
Japanese	ja	ja	1041	411
Kannada	kn	kn	1099
Kashmiri	ks	ks	1120	460
Kazakh	kk	kk	1087		1251
Khmer	km	km	1107	453
Konkani			1111	457
Korean	ko	ko	1042	412
Kyrgyz - Cyrillic			1088	440	1251
Lao	lo	lo	1108	454
Latin	la	la	1142	476
Latvian	lv	lv	1062	426	1257
Lithuanian	lt	lt	1063	427	1257
Malay - Brunei	ms	ms-bn	2110		1252
Malay - Malaysia	ms	ms-my	1086		1252
Malayalam	ml	ml	1100
Maltese	mt	mt	1082
Manipuri			1112	458
Maori	mi	mi	1153	481
Marathi	mr	mr	1102
Mongolian	mn	mn	2128	850
Mongolian	mn	mn	1104	450	1251
Nepali	ne	ne	1121	461
Norwegian - Bokml	nb	no-no	1044	414	1252
Norwegian - Nynorsk	nn	no-no	2068	814	1252
Oriya	or	or	1096	448
Polish	pl	pl	1045	415	1250
Portuguese - Brazil	pt	pt-br	1046	416	1252
Portuguese - Portugal	pt	pt-pt	2070	816	1252
Punjabi	pa	pa	1094	446
Raeto-Romance	rm	rm	1047	417
Romanian - Moldova	ro	ro-mo	2072	818
Romanian - Romania	ro	ro	1048	418	1250
Russian	ru	ru	1049	419	1251
Russian - Moldova	ru	ru-mo	2073	819
Sami Lappish			1083
Sanskrit	sa	sa	1103
Serbian - Cyrillic	sr	sr-sp	3098		1251
Serbian - Latin	sr	sr-sp	2074		1250
Sesotho (Sutu)			1072	430
Setsuana	tn	tn	1074	432
Sindhi	sd	sd	1113	459
Sinhala; Sinhalese	si	si	1115
Slovak	sk	sk	1051		1250
Slovenian	sl	sl	1060	424	1250
Somali	so	so	1143	477
Sorbian	sb	sb	1070
Spanish - Argentina	es	es-ar	11274		1252
Spanish - Bolivia	es	es-bo	16394		1252
Spanish - Chile	es	es-cl	13322		1252
Spanish - Colombia	es	es-co	9226		1252
Spanish - Costa Rica	es	es-cr	5130		1252
Spanish - Dominican Republic	es	es-do	7178		1252
Spanish - Ecuador	es	es-ec	12298		1252
Spanish - El Salvador	es	es-sv	17418		1252
Spanish - Guatemala	es	es-gt	4106		1252
Spanish - Honduras	es	es-hn	18442		1252
Spanish - Mexico	es	es-mx	2058		1252
Spanish - Nicaragua	es	es-ni	19466		1252
Spanish - Panama	es	es-pa	6154		1252
Spanish - Paraguay	es	es-py	15370		1252
Spanish - Peru	es	es-pe	10250		1252
Spanish - Puerto Rico	es	es-pr	20490		1252
Spanish - Spain (Traditional)	es	es-es	1034		1252
Spanish - Uruguay	es	es-uy	14346		1252
Spanish - Venezuela	es	es-ve	8202		1252
Swahili	sw	sw	1089	441	1252
Swedish - Finland	sv	sv-fi	2077		1252
Swedish - Sweden	sv	sv-se	1053		1252
Syriac			1114
Tajik	tg	tg	1064	428
Tamil	ta	ta	1097	449
Tatar	tt	tt	1092	444	1251
Telugu	te	te	1098
Thai	th	th	1054
Tibetan	bo	bo	1105	451
Tsonga	ts	ts	1073	431
Turkish	tr	tr	1055		1254
Turkmen	tk	tk	1090	442
Ukrainian	uk	uk	1058	422	1251
Unicode		UTF-8	0		65001
Urdu	ur	ur	1056	420	1256
Uzbek - Cyrillic	uz	uz-uz	2115	843	1251
Uzbek - Latin	uz	uz-uz	1091	443	1254
Venda			1075	433
Vietnamese	vi	vi	1066		1258
Welsh	cy	cy	1106	452
Xhosa	xh	xh	1076	434
Yiddish	yi	yi	1085
Zulu	zu	zu	1077	435

---

• Reference

http://www.science.co.il/language/Locale-Codes.asp

Use WebATM with Ez-100PU on Ubuntu 10.04

• 安裝讀卡機相關工具 (pcscd , pcsc-tools)

$ sudo apt-get install pcscd pcsc-tools

•  安裝  Ez-100PU Linux 驅動程式 

wget http://www.casauto.com.tw/db/pictures/modules/PDT/PDT060207001/200910202021270555.gz -O EZUSB_Linux_x86_v1.4.9.tar.gz 
tar zxvf EZUSB_Linux_x86_v1.4.9.tar.gz
cd EZUSB_Linux_x86_v1.4.9/driver_ezusb_v1.4.9/

確認系統環境

./check_env

若都沒有出現error 或 file not found訊息，再執行安裝驅動程式指令

 sudo ./install 

• 重新起動 pcsc daemon

sudo /etc/init.d/pcscd restart

使用前可以使用 pcsc_scan差詢讀卡機狀態,應該會有下列的顯示

$ pcsc_scan 
PC/SC device scanner
V 1.4.16 (c) 2001-2009, Ludovic Rousseau 
Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.5.3
Scanning present readers...
Waiting for the first reader...found one
Scanning present readers...
0: CASTLES EZ100PU 00 00

Tue Sep 28 15:07:40 2010
 Reader 0: CASTLES EZ100PU 00 00
  Card state: Card removed, 

• 安裝玉山銀行 WebATM plug-in (https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-TW/firefox/addon/12324/)元件(for Windows & Ubuntu)
• Done, 連上玉山銀行 WebATM(https://netbank.esunbank.com.tw/webatm/default.aspx) 試試看

備註：

• 也適用於 e-Sense 17-ERS611 ATM智慧晶片+ SIM+48 IN 1 全功能讀卡機 
• http://www.e-sense.com.tw/webc/html/product/02.aspx?Page=1&p=1&num=18

• Reference 

http://jackden-diary.blogspot.com/2010/01/webatm-on-ubuntu-910-use-ez-100pu.html
http://trac.nchc.org.tw/grid/wiki/jazz/UNR_Tuning

幾個跟 udev 相關的文章收錄

• dev 撰寫規則

http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html

• udev , 出自DebianWiki

http://www.debian.org.tw/index.php/udev

• Udev (正體中文)

http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev

Install Windows relative programs over wine on Ubuntu Lucid

• Install wine and download winetricks

$ sudo apt-get install wine ; wget http://www.kegel.com/wine/winetricks

• Execute winetricks to install programs

 $ sh winetricks

Then it should pop up a box with tools you can install and simply select IE8 or other goodies to choose from

• Start up IE

$ wine "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore"

• Reference

http://blog.sidmitra.com/install-ie-on-ubuntu-lucid#
http://stream-recorder.com/forum/install-internet-explorer-7-ie7-ubuntu-10-t6721.html?s=33fba047c64110a0fe151c2e0e82d4be&

HowTo - Linux 下如何從 flv 取出聲音成 mp3

• Use  mplayer

Lets begin with mplayer. To extract audio from video files, use -dumpaudio option and specified the output filename with -dumpfile

$ mplayer -dumpaudio nodame_theme.flv -dumpfile nodame_theme.mp3

Then check out the output:

$ file nodame_theme.mp3

Output:

MPEG ADTS, layer III, v2,   8 kBits, 22.05 kHz, Monaural

• Use ffmpeg

$ ffmpeg -i nodame_theme.flv -ab 128 -ar 44100 nodame_theme.mp3

or 

$ ffmpeg -i video.flv -f mp3 -vn -acodec copy carsounds2.mp3

-i is to specified input file, -ab audio bitrate, -ar audio sampling frequency

Let say what file tells you.

MPEG ADTS, layer II, v1, 128 kBits, 44.1 kHz, Monaural

• How about record online stream?

First, find an online radio cast to try, you can have plenty of it from shoutcast.

$ mplayer -dumpstream http://64.236.34.97:80/stream/1005 -dumpfile smoothjazz.mp3

or

$ ffmpeg -i http://64.236.34.97:80/stream/1005 -ab 128 -ar 44100 smoothjazz.mp3

• Reference

http://linux.byexamples.com/archives/229/extract-audio-from-video-or-online-stream/

使用 Sound Juicer 將 CD 轉成 MP3

• Install

$ sudo apt-get install sound-juicer gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse

(instead gstreamer0.10-lame in Ubuntu 10.04) 

• Configuration for MP3 encoder

Basic one:

audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc ! id3mux

Add bit-rate setting:

audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc vbr=0 bitrate=128

Advanced one:

audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc mode=1 vbr=4 quality=1 preset=1001 vbr-max-bitrate=320 ! xingmux ! id3v2mux

The meat and potatoes of this line is preset=insane, which tells Lame to use the Insane quality preset, and will give you a fixed-bitrate MP3 file at CBR 320Kbps. This preset will usually be overkill for most people and most situations, but if you must have the absolute highest quality with no regard to filesize (as do I), this is the way to go. This is the highest preset quality available. Of course, there are other presets available–all of them variable bitrate (VBR):

preset=medium

This preset should provide near transparency to most people on most music. The resulting bitrate should be in the 150-180kbps range, according to music complexity.

preset=standard

This preset should generally be transparent to most people on most music and is already quite high in quality. The resulting bitrate should be in the 170-210kbps range, according to music complexity.

preset=extreme

If you have extremely good hearing and similar equipment, this preset will provide slightly higher quality than the “standard” mode. The resulting bitrate should be in the 200-240kbps range, according to music complexity.

• More detail configuration for gstreamer-lamp

$ gst-inspect-0.10 lame

• Reference

http://wiki.ubuntu-tw.org/index.php?title=HowtoGripMusic
http://www.calebscreek.com/2008/09/howto-enable-mp3-ripping-in-sound-juicer-2220/

Use pdftk to Merge/Split/Rotate PDF files

!!! 注意：PDF 檔名不能有中文 !!!

• Merge Two or More PDFs into a New Document 

pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf cat output 123.pdf

• or (Using Handles):

pdftk A=1.pdf B=2.pdf cat A B output 12.pdf

or (Using Wildcards):

pdftk *.pdf cat output combined.pdf

• Split Select Pages from Multiple PDFs into a New Document

pdftk A=one.pdf B=two.pdf cat A1-7 B1-5 A8 output combined.pdf

• Rotate the First Page of a PDF to 90 Degrees Clockwise

pdftk in.pdf cat 1E 2-end output out.pdf

• Rotate an Entire PDF Document's Pages to 180 Degrees

pdftk in.pdf cat 1-endS output out.pdf

• Reference

http://www.accesspdf.com/pdftk/

LPI模擬試題

• LPI - Exam Emulation

http://www.linux-praxis.de/lpisim/lpi.html

• LPI 101 Certification Practice Test

http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/exam101.html

• LPI 102 Certification Practice Test

http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/exam102.html

• ICE:ICE(home)

https://certify.torolab.ibm.com/ice/displayPage/en;jsessionid=PDGDAUJ3LZ1FUN3MI331RGY

• Linux (LPI, RHCE..) 認證討論區

http://phorum.vbird.org/viewforum.php?f=7&sid=1c6030b4edc5ac482b894f351cb6d06e

在 Linux 中新增一個 PDF 虛擬印表機的方式

1. 上安裝 cups-pdf 套件
sudo apt-get install cups-pdf

2. 至[系統]->[管理]->[列印] 修改相關屬性

• Reference

http://www.ubuntu-tw.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=3509&forum=7&post_id=12141

在 initrd 中如何判斷多張網卡狀態

遇到網路卡兩張，initrd中沒有ethtool的狀態下dhcp client沒有優先去用有插上線的網卡來查詢

解法：
可以查
/sys/class/net/eth0/operstate
只要是up or unknown，就是有連線，而沒連線就是down.
不過查詢/sys/class/net/eth0/operstate之前，要先
ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0
先把網路卡叫起來一下，才能判斷，要不然/sys/class/net/eth0/operstate會是
空的。
這樣修改的mkpxeinitrd-net就會優先由有連線的網卡去要IP address了。

[Archive]ubuntu 8.04 從原始碼來編譯安裝pidgin 2.5.2/Pidgin-Encryption

1. prepare :Install necessary packages:
sudo apt-get install libnss3-dev libnspr4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libxml2-dev \
gettext libgstreamer0.10-dev

Install optional packages:
sudo apt-get install  libmeanwhile-dev libgtkspell-dev libstartup-notification0-dev \
libxss-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev network-manager-dev libperl-dev tcl8.4-dev tk8.4-dev \
libavahi-client-dev libavahi-glib-dev

2. Download source , configure , compile , install
* Download source form http://www.pidgin.im/download/source/ , unpack tarball:
tar jxvf pidgin-2.5.2.tar.bz2
cd pidgin-2.5.2

* Configure
./configure --prefix=/opt/pidgin

* compile
make ; sudo make install

--------------------------------------------------------------
1. Download Pidgin-Encryption source code :http://pidgin-encrypt.sourceforge.net/ , unpack
tar xzvf pidgin-encryption-3.0.tar.gz
cd pidgin-encryption-3.0


2. Configure , compile
./configure --prefix=/opt/pidgin-2.5.2/
make

3. Install
sudo make install

----------------------------------------------------------
3. 移除 complie 需要的 libs /dev
sudo apt-get remove --purge  libnss3-dev libnspr4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libxml2-dev gettext \
libgstreamer0.10-dev libmeanwhile-dev libgtkspell-dev libstartup-notification0-dev libxss-dev \
libdbus-glib-1-dev network-manager-dev libperl-dev tcl8.4-dev tk8.4-dev libavahi-client-dev libavahi-glib-dev

再清乾淨一點
sudo apt-get autoremove;sudo apt-get autoclean;sudo apt-get clean

• Reference:

http://jhcore.com/2007/06/04/install-pidgin-in-ubuntu/
http://blog.yam.com/lijohnson/article/15805391

HowTo - Linux 下如何批次 resize/rotate 圖檔

• 方法一 ：Use imagemagick

$ sudo apt-get install imagemagick

• 可使用 mogrify

$ mogrify -resize 640 *.jpg
or
$ mogrify -resize 640×480! *.jpg
較方便

• 方法二 ：使用 convert 轉換整個資料夾的檔案

$ for i in `ls *.jpg`; do convert -resize 1200x900 -verbose $i $i ; done

• 方法三 ：Use nautilus-image-converter

$ sudo apt-get install nautilus-image-converter

如何轉換VMWare 的硬碟檔讓 Virtualbox 使用(convert vmdk to vdi)

• 所需套件 ： qemu, virtualbox

sudo apt-get install qemu, virtualbox

• 如果原有的 vmdk 不是單一檔案，先進行轉換

vmware-vdiskmanager -r source_multiples.vmdk -t 0 single_file.vmdk

• 利用 qemu 轉換成 .bin 檔

qemu-img convert  single_file.vmdk  single_file.bin

• 將 .bin 轉換為 vdi 檔

VBoxManage convertfromraw  single_file.bin single_file.vdi

英文餐廳菜單選集

• Tad’s Steakhouse
  http://www.tadssteaks-sf.com/menu.html

• Mama's On Washington Square
  http://mamas-sf.com/menu.html

• Denny's
  http://www.dennys.com/en/cms/Menu+%26+Specials/1.html

• Bangkok Noodles & Thai BBQ
  http://sanfrancisco.menupages.com/menuprocess?id=7234&link=0bb4323fb626888dd7894b43d33945d09280e70fb57306464edbb10bd26a87f766fcb121eac560e49f64d7aac5b59b85

• Winger's Grill & Bar
  http://www.wingers.info/menu.html

• [英文] 烹調字彙分享
  http://www.backpackers.com.tw/blog/2849

• [英文]超市食品名稱英文單字
  http://www.backpackers.com.tw/forum/showthread.php?t=153508

Ubuntu下大量轉換ID3之編碼 : python-mutagen

• 安裝 python-mutagen

sudo apt-get install python-mutagen

• 執行

cd ~your-mp3-folder; mid3iconv -e big5 *.mp3


or 配合 find 轉換目前目錄下所有子目錄的 mp3 :

find . -iname "*.mp3" -execdir mid3iconv -e big5 {} \;

Reference:
http://david50.pixnet.net/blog/post/22253957

PDF 處理工具 : pdftk

!!! 注意：PDF 檔名不能有中文 !!!

• Merge Two or More PDFs into a New Document

pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf cat output 123.pdf

or (Using Handles):
pdftk A=1.pdf B=2.pdf cat A B output 12.pdf

or (Using Wildcards):
pdftk *.pdf cat output combined.pdf

• Split Select Pages from Multiple PDFs into a New Document

pdftk A=one.pdf B=two.pdf cat A1-7 B1-5 A8 output combined.pdf

• Rotate the First Page of a PDF to 90 Degrees Clockwise

pdftk in.pdf cat 1E 2-end output out.pdf

• Rotate an Entire PDF Document's Pages to 180 Degrees

pdftk in.pdf cat 1-endS output out.pdf

Reference:
http://www.accesspdf.com/pdftk/

GPT vs MBR : use parted 切 gpt 分割區

Create a GPT partition via parted

• 確認要切割的為 /dev/sdb

cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

   8     0  142577664 sda
   8     1   11719386 sda1
   8     2          1 sda2
   8     5   48829536 sda5
   8     6   82027858 sda6
   8    16 5855465280 sdb

• run the follow in parted ( sudo parted /dev/sdb)
• 確認空間與單位數

print free
Model: LSI MegaRAID SAS RMB (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 5996GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
        17.4kB  5996GB  5996GB  Free Space   

• 使用 GPT格式並分割一塊 xfs 的分割區

mklabel gpt
mkpartfs primary xfs 0 5996G

• 離開，並格式化

quit
sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

• Done

---

GPT(GUID Partition Table)

一、定義簡說
二、OS支援
三、GPT、NTFS轉換
四、問題、應用

一、定義簡說

由於使用上的限制，Intel+Microsoft在2004年合作開發EFI(Extensible Firmware Interface)計畫，算是一種主機板、儲存磁碟的升級方案，GPT(GUID Partition Table)為計畫裡的一部分，不過，並非一定要搭配EFI才能用，搭配一般BIOS也能用，只是不能作為開機系統。

MBR磁碟的Partition資料，存放在Master(我們俗稱第0軌)
GPT磁碟的每個Partition資料，都有各自的GUID，此為主要差異。

GPT磁碟有保護區，小小佔用空間，依照作業系統不同：

• Windows:128MB
• MAC:200MB

	支援分割區	單一分割區最高容量
MBR(Master Boot Record)	4(延伸分割不計)	2TB
GPT(GUID Partition Table)	沒有限制，但是Windows只能128個	18TB

二、OS支援(Windows)
1.一般支援：

• Windows XP 64 Bit
• Windows 2003 Server + SP1
• Windows Vista

以後的皆有支援，此處支援，乃指『可辨識、存取』，不包含開機(作為系統磁碟)

2.開機支援(作為系統磁碟)：
主機板必須支援EFI

三、GPT、NTFS轉換

在Windows環境，磁碟系統GPT轉換回NTFS的指令：

diskpart

選項：

• list disk 列出目前磁碟
• select disk n 選擇目標，n為代號
• clean all 清除所有分割資料，之後，即可重新分割

如果是新的磁碟(超過2TB，包含RAID)，自然會顯示出『GPT磁碟』選項，無須另外處理

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table
http://bigcandy.blog.ithome.com.tw/post/2158/72554

鎖定套件避免 apt 升級部份套件的方法

Q: 如何避免 apt 雞婆的更新部份你想要裝 或 不想要更新的套件呢？
A: 修改 /etc/apt/preferences 就好了，內容會像是：

Package: PACKAGE_NAME
Pin: PIN
Pin-Priority: PIN_PRIORITY

以 syslinux 為例

Package: syslinux
Pin: version 3.8*
Pin-Priority: 100

所以優先順序填成下面的值，會造成不同的結果：

1001 # 永不更新，如果現存的版本比較新(優先順序比較低)還會作降級的動作
1000 # 跟 1001 一樣，不過 apt 不會作降級的動作
990 # 如果有比較高的版本用 "APT::Default-Release" 標示的會昇級
500 # 比 0.8* 還高的版本就會昇級，不過 0.8* 還是較低版本裡面的第一選擇
100 #syslinux 裡面有更高的版本就會不管 0.8* ，但如果沒有其它的版本先安裝了的話，就會先裝 0.8*
-1 # 避免裝 0.8* 這個版本

Reference:
http://antontw.blogspot.com/2009/06/linux-apt.html

Linux清除ARP 暫存

一、這樣可以清除單一IP的ARP緩存

arp -d IP

二、清除192.168.0.0網段的所有暫存

for((ip=2;ip<255;ip++));do \
    arp -d 192.168.0.$ip &>/dev/null; \
done

三、清除所有ARP

arp -n|awk '/^[1-9]/ {print "arp -d "$1}' | sh

Reference:
http://www.linuxzh.org/Linux/arp-clean.html